Negative Effects Of Communism On Russia 998 Words | 4 Pages Stalin’s power stems from his autocratic power and strict policies. The Soviet Union’s collapse not only threw economic systems and trade relations throughout Eastern Europe into a tailspin, it also produced the upheaval in many Eastern European countries and led to increased crime rates and corruption within the Russian government. It was his goal to reform the communist system, but not abandon it or dismantle the USSR. To summarise discussions, it can be stated that assessment of implications of the collapse of Soviet Union provided above are based on the realities of current geo-political environment. Just after 6:00 am Moscow time on August 19, TASS and Radio Moscow proclaimed that “ill health” had prevented Gorbachev from executing his duties and that, in accordance with Article 127-7 of the Soviet constitution, Yanayev had assumed the powers of the presidency. On one hand, a large segment of population in modern day Russia perceive Gorbachev to be rather a negative historical figure ultimately responsible for chaos and severe economic hardships the country had to go through during the last decade of the 20th century (Eaton, 2004, Khan, 2008, Thompson, 2009). “The date of the USSR’s collapse is well known. Most conservative and determined hardliners within party leadership became members of State of Emergency Committee aiming to oust Gorbachev from leadership. Gen. Viktor Samsonov declared himself chairman of the Leningrad State of Emergency Committee and placed the city under military control. Soviet system would not be able to last for so long if elements of democratic rule existed within the system in greater extent. The immediate cause of the Soviet collapse was economic, as the Soviet Union lost the arms race and international competition with the West. Economic, cultural, social and political factors contributing to the collapse of the Soviet Union are discussed in this essay and implications of this event on regional level for former USSR blog countries, as well as, on the global landscape are assessed. The patriarch criticized Gorbachev’s detention and anathematized those involved in the plot. Described as the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century by the current president of Russia Vladimir Putin (BBC, 2005, online), the collapse of the Soviet Union has caused profound changes in global political and economic affairs, impacting the lives of hundreds of millions of people. Broken symbol of the Soviet Union. As Valerie Bunce has noted, “the collapse of communism was both abrupt and long in the making.” 2. Both Gorbachev and his wife, Raisa, later stated that they had fully expected to be killed. Public criticism of Gorbachev by Boris Yeltsin, former Moscow mayor and a popular politician have compromised the chances of the former to oversee the completion of ‘perestroyka’ and complete economic reforms according to his plans. George H.W. 1.2 The Collapse of the Soviet Union and the Resurrection of Russia The end of the Cold War took academics and politicians alike by surprise. Other former members of USSR such as Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, on the other hand, selected the route of gradual transfer to the market economy and the transition period was intended to last for several years. Moreover, economic implications of the collapse of the Soviet Union in the global scale relates to creation of new markets for developed countries. BBC and Voice of America broadcasts kept Gorbechev abreast of the coup’s progress and international reaction to it. Moreover, some conservative members of Politburo imposed bigger challenge to Gorbachev’s reforms than Yeltsin because of their fear of losing status quo which meant threat to their own positions in Politburo, as well as threat to the role and influence of Moscow in member states and world in general (Lauritden, 2011). In 1985, Gorbachev became the leader of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union. Economic Causes – Communism Vs Capitalism. The president was “very tired” and was being “treated in the south,” Yanayev explained. USSR reaction of sending troops to the capital of Lithuania in January 1991 killing 14 unarmed civilians and wounding hundreds of people (Langley, 2006) caused substantial damage to the image of USSR in general, and Gorbachev’s image in particular. Application of Gorbachev’s ‘glastnost’ in practice has resulted in churches being opened, release of some dissidents from prisons, weakening of censorship on television and print media and publication of first articles that were critical of officials (Khan, 2008). Political implications of the collapse of the Soviet Union relates to strengthening the role of the United States in global affairs. The crisis then forced the country to devalue its COLLAPSE OF SOVIET UNION: EFFETCS ON THE LIVES OF WOMEN IN CENTRAL ASIA Ibrahim KoncakInternational Ataturk Alatoo University To what extend transition period changed the lives of women in Kyrgyzstan?New challenges new opportunitiesFast adaptation to new environment Housewives to become tradersWomen in education Women in workplaceWomen in politicsDebates on … However, it is not possible to assess the level of effectiveness of socialism of original version propose by Marx and Engels due to the absence of relevant case studies in the history. The causes of the fall of the Soviet Union were many and included ethnic conflict, a lack of support for the idea of communism and economic troubles caused by a focus on arms. The role of corruption in at various levels on the fall of USSR does not need to be underestimated. Sobchak rallied the opposition and appealed to soldiers to hand over officers who had helped organize the coup. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. After Soviet leaders extended their navy and support for rebel movements; the United States restated an anti-Soviet posture in 1981, when Ronald Regan threatened the Soviet … In the middle 1980's about seventy percent of the industrial output of the Soviet Union was going to the military. The first stage, primitive socialism covers the period between 1917 and 1928 and this stage includes the Civil War and introduction of New Economic Policy (NEP). Introduction of ineffective five-year planning practices of the national economy and huge expenses associated with World War Two mark major economic events of this period. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The U.S.S.R. However, solution of issues raised by protesters was only possible by introducing profound changes in economic system. Through thoughtful narrative supported by fully documented quotes this title begins with A Brief History of the Soviet Unions Collapse and then examines these questions: How Did Czarist Policies Contribute to the Rise of Communism? Free press did not exist in USSR and government media agencies covered world affairs in highly subjective manner creating a false assumption in Soviet people that they enjoyed significantly higher standard of life compared to the rest of the world. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. … Boris N. Yeltsin (centre) standing on an armoured vehicle parked in front of the White House in Moscow, with supporters holding a Russian Federation flag, August 19, 1991. Yeltsin appealed to the patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, Aleksey II, to condemn the coup. Accordingly, as many other events in history assessment of the role and implications of Soviet Union may be perceived differently in the future than it is perceived today due to other major geopolitical events that yet to take place. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union a great deal of debate has ensued as to what caused the Soviet empire's demise both within the former Soviet Union and amongst scholars worldwide. This essay has argued that despite systematic inefficiencies at various levels within the Soviet system the system was able to last till the last decade of the 20th century due to its victory in the Second World War, exercise of totalitarian rule and non-tolerance to criticism, and manipulations with official statistical information about the performance of the national economy and effective propaganda machine. Explain how the collapse of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Cold War and German reunification.Instructional Approach(s It was Sept. 13, 1985 when Saudi Arabia’s Minister of Oil, [Ahmed] Yamani, declared that Saudi Arabia was quitting the agreement on oil production restraint, and started to boost its share in the oil market. The second stage – Stalinism started after the decease of Vladimir Lenin, and lasted until the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953. Specifically, lack of competition and direct benefit in manufacturing and services was the main reason behind shortages of products in shops. Rather than a single cause, a number of different factors played a role. In March of 1985, the Soviet Union gained a new leader -- Mikhail Gorbachev. Gorbachev and his family were placed under house arrest by Gen. Igor Maltsev, commander-in-chief of the Soviet Air Defense Troops. Although more than two decades have passed since the collapse of the USSR this topic is regularly explored in academic levels due to its importance and impact to the formation of present geo-political situation. If the Soviet Communistic system has been associated with systematic flows and was doomed for failure, how the system was able to survive for almost seven decades reaching its peak during the period from mid 1960s to mid 1980s? One of the major problems with communistic approach to economy relates to the attempt to integrate growth with social justice (Langley, 2006). To many outside observers, the Soviet Union appeared to be on the verge of winning the Cold War. Substantial disadvantages associated with centrally-planned economic system include inefficiencies associated with resource distribution, lack of economic stability and lack of motivation for quality improvement due to the absence of competition (Cassis, 2011) and each of these disadvantages have played their part. The Soviet Union was supposed to be “a society of true democracy,” but in many ways it was no less repressive than the czarist autocracy that preceded it. Therefore, Gorbachev’s appointment was received with enthusiasm by Soviet people and nobody knew at the time that radical reforms to be introduced by the younger leader would trigger a series of consecutive events that that would cause the USSR to be dissolved. Causes and Origins of the Collapse of the Former Soviet Union An Honors Research Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation ―with Honors Research Distinction in Russian Economic The Fall of the Soviet Union occurred after decades of economic chaos and a nuclear arms race with the West. Moreover, corruption has been caused by scarcity of certain types of products such as colour television sets, electronic devices and even quality clothes (Eaton, 2004), for reasons discussed above, and special contacts were needed in certain places in order to be able to purchase such products. Fewer than six years elapsed between the meltdown at Chernobyl and the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union… Dallin A. Various theories have been published amongst scholars attempting to explain and pinpoint the flaws in the Soviet system and the forces that drove the Soviet Union to a brisk and catastrophic collapse. When the Soviet government fell, the Russian mafia, which had struggled to survive during the height of communism, stepped in to fill the power void. Interestingly, NEP contained some elements of communistic approach to economy such as payment of wages in cash and dismissal of surplus employees. The Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan had deepened its rift with America, and Reagan increased spending on arms, developed the neutron bomb, and … The corruption in the Soviet Union had a systematic nature and the majority instances of corruption were caused by the attempts to cover shortcomings of five-year government plans for the national economy (Sakwa, 1999). Soviet-Cuban Relations: Cuba was an important ally of the Soviets during the Cold War years. This was no surprise taking into account their geographical proximity to Europe and the shortest history of being USSR members since 1940. (2012) “The Political Logic of Disintegration: Seven Lessons from the Soviet Collapse” Centre for European Policy Studies, Kuenssberg, L. (2011) “State multiculturalism has failed, says David Cameron” BBC, Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-12371994, Langley, A. That night fighting broke out between troops and demonstrators near the White House, and three protesters were killed. Implications associated with the collapse of USSR have been found to relate to both levels – economic and political. However, the West misinterpreted his reforms, believing that he had given up on Communism and, ultimately, the Soviet Union collapsed anyway. Members of Gorbachev’s personal bodyguard remained loyal throughout the episode, and they were able to fashion a simple receiver so that the imperiled president could learn what was happening beyond the walls of the dacha. 1 The causes of perestroika are generally agreed upon: reform was initiated Meanwhile, in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Lieut. Cause and Effect Essay: The Collapse of the Soviet Union essaysThe collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 was a pivotal political event of the 20th century that signaled the eclipse of a major political and economic ideology of the 20th century, i.e., Communism, and left the United States as the sole Whatever trust remained in the Soviet system had been shattered. In Moscow some elite tank regiments defected and took up defensive positions around the White House. Other titles in the Cause & Effect in History series Go to eBook The Fall of the Soviet Union occurred after decades of economic chaos and a nuclear arms race with the West. Many factors affected the Soviet Union's economy including the nuclear race, the Chernobyl disaster, and the war against Afghanistan. The series of events, policies, movement, and outlooks are not black and white; they connect multifariously: politically, socially, economically, and culturally.
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